Unit 2—Population (www.collegeboard.com/ap)

A.   Geographical analysis of population

1.    Density, distribution, and scale

2.    Consequences of various densities and distributions

3.    Patterns of composition: age, sex, race, and ethnicity

4.    Population and natural hazards: past, present, and future

B.   Population growth and decline over time and space

1.    Historical trends and projections for the future

2.    Patterns of fertility, mortality, and health

3.    Regional variations of demographic transitions

4.    Effects of pro- and anti-natalist policies

C.   Population movement

1.    Major voluntary and involuntary migrations at different scales

2.    Short-term, local movements, and activity space

 

Study Questions (AP Student Companion):

1.    Explain the difference between arithmetic growth and exponential growth.

2.    What have been some of the trends in population growth and distribution since the First Agricultural Revolution?

3.    What impact has the Industrial Revolution had on human populations?  How have populations, which have had such revolutions, typically responded?

4.    What is the relationship between population growth and distribution to natural hazards?

5.    How does “distance decay” and “intervening opportunity” affect migration patterns?

6.    What is the relationship between improvements in global health and the appearance of age-sex pyramids over the last century?

7.    Why do fertility rates and mortality rates differ from region to region and sometimes even within regions?

8.    What tools do demographers use to study population structures?

9.    What contributions did John Snow, Thomas Malthus, and Ernst Ravenstein make to   population geography?

10.  Explain the demographic transition model.  Why are some demographers suspect of 

       its validity when applied to contemporary growth situations?

11.  What role does medical geography play within the realm of human geography?

12.  Distinguish between each of these examples of human movement:

A.   voluntary and forced migration

B.   cyclic and periodic movement

C.   immigrant and emigrant

D.   push and pull factors

13. Describe some of the pro- and anti-natalist policies practiced by nations in today’s

       world.

 

 

Vocabulary (AP Student Companion)

14. age-sex pyramid (70-72)

15. arithmetic growth (56)

16. birth rate (72-74)

17. crude birth rate (CBR) (73)

18. crude death rate (CDR) (73)

19. demographic transition (77)

20. demography (55)

21. density (56)

22. distance decay (84)

23. distribution (56)

24. doubling time (68)

25. exponential growth (68)

26. fertility rate (as a “key issue,” 55-56, 74-75)

27. gravity model (83)

28. infant mortality (400-403)

29. intervening opportunity (84)

30.  linear growth (68)

31. life expectance (403-405)

32. Malthusian theory (69)

33. migration  (81)

34. mortality rate (75, 441)

35. natural increase (72-73)

36. pull factory (83)

37. push factor (83)

38. Ravenstein’s “laws” of migration (83)

39. stationary population level (SPL) (68)

40. step migration (84)

41. total fertility rate (TFR) (74-75)  

 

Activities

·      Lecture/Discussion of Text, Chapters 4-7

·      Discussion of study questions

·      Internet viewing: www.Prb.org & www.census.gov

·      “The Hidden Momentum of Population Growth”,  Human Geography in Action, Chapter 7

·      “Bar Hopping around the Pyramids”,  AP Student Companion,  Activity 2.1

·      Read and discuss, “2015 Outlook: Enough Food, Scarce Water, Porous Borders”, by

Elain Sciolino published in the New York Times on December 17, 2000

 

Assessment

·      Multiple Choice Test #2

·      Free Response Question #2

Classroom Activities Assignments